What Is A Hybrid Electric Vehicle?

kAmwJ3C:5 G69:4=6D[ ?@H :? E96:C E9:C5 564256[ 92G6 364@>6 D@ 4@>>@?A=246 E92E E96 56D:8?2E:@? :D ?@ =@?86C 2? 2?@>2=J] %@ >2?J A6@A=6[ E96 9J3C:5 E28 :D ;FDE 2?@E96C >@56= @C EC:> 56D:8?2E:@?[ =:<6 ){t @C {:>:E65]k^Am

kAmqFE 9J3C:5D DE:== 5:776C 7C@> E96:C 82D@=:?6 4@F?E6CA2CED] wJ3C:5D 2C6 E96 7@F?52E:@? @7 2? “6=64EC:7:65” 2FE@>@E:G6 AJC2>:5 E92E’D E@AA65 3J E96 AFC6=J 6=64EC:4 G69:4=6[ @C t']k^Am

kAm&?56CDE2?5:?8 H92E 2 9J3C:5 :D—2?5 :D?’E—42? 36 2 3:8 96=A H96? :>AC@G65 7F6= 677:4:6?4J 2?5 64@\7C:6?5=:?6DD 2C6 2>@?8 E96 >FDE\92G6D @? 2 42C D9@AA:?8 =:DE]k^Am

k9amkDEC@?8mw@H wJ3C:5D (@C<k^DEC@?8mk^9am

kAmp 9J3C:5 :D 2 42C[ $&' @C ECF4< A@H6C65 3J 2? :?E6C?2= 4@>3FDE:@? 6?8:?6 E92E H@C<D :? 4@?46CE H:E9 2? 6=64EC:4 >@E@C] p? @?3@2C5 86?6C2E@C AC@5F46D 6=64EC:4:EJ[ 2?5 :?E68C2= D@7EH2C6 >2?286D :ED @FEAFE[ 5:C64E:?8 :E E@ 2 32EE6CJ A24<] p 9J3C:5 5@6D?’E ?665 E@ 36 A=F8865 :? E@ 7F?4E:@?[ 3FE D@>6 5@ @776C E96 42A23:=:EJ] W%9@D6 G69:4=6D 2C6 42==65 k2 C6=lQ?@C676CC6C ?@@A6?6CQ 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]7@C36D]4@>^H966=D^25G:46^H92E\:D\2\A=F8\:?\9J3C:5^Q 52E2\EJA6lQ&#{Q 52E2\:5lQ9EEADi^^HHH]7@C36D]4@>^H966=D^25G:46^H92E\:D\2\A=F8\:?\9J3C:5^Q E2C86ElQ03=2?<Qm!=F8\x? wJ3C:5D W!wt'Xk^2m 3FE 2C6 4@G6C65 D6A2C2E6=J]Xk^Am

k7:8FC6 4=2DDlQHA\3=@4<\:>286 D:K6\=2C86Qmk:>8 H:5E9lQhe_Q 96:89ElQdc_Q DC4lQ9EEADi^^HHH]7@C36D]4@>^H966=D^HA\4@?E6?E^FA=@25D^a_a`^_e^a___0w@?520x?D:89E09J3C:5]A?8Q 4=2DDlQHA\:>286\agehe_Q ^mk7:842AE:@?m%96 a___ w@?52 x?D:89E wJ3C:5 H2D E96 7:CDE >@56C?[ >2DD\AC@5F465 9J3C:5 D@=5 :? E96 &?:E65 $E2E6D] %96 k2 4=2DDlQHA:=0<6JH@C50=:?<Q 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]7@C36D]4@>^H966=D^42CD^E@J@E2^Q E2C86ElQ03=2?<Q C6=lQ?@@A6?6CQ E:E=6lQ%@J@E2Q 52E2\HA:=\<6JH@C5\=:?<lQ=:?<65Qm%@J@E2k^2m !C:FD 7@==@H65 :E :?E@ D9@HC@@>D 23@FE D:I >@?E9D =2E6C] k6>mw@?52k^6>mk^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m

kAm%96 6=64EC:4 >@E@C 2F8>6?ED E96 82D 6?8:?6 2?5 D@>6E:>6D C6A=246D :E 7@C =:>:E65 A6C:@5D[ A6C>:EE:?8 E96 G69:4=6 E@ CF? :? 2? 2==\6=64EC:4 @C t' >@56 7@C D9@CE 5:DE2?46D]k^Am

kAm%96 6=64EC:4 >@E@C 42? 2=D@ 2==@H 2? 2FE@>2<6C E@ C65F46 E96 D:K6 @7 2 A2CE:4F=2C >@56=’D 82D 6?8:?6 E@ :?4C62D6 7F6= 64@?@>J C6=2E:G6 E@ E96 :56?E:42==J 6BF:AA65 ?@?\9J3C:5 >@56=] x7 E96 82D 6?8:?6D C6>2:? E96 D2>6 D:K6[ 2 9J3C:5 >@56= EJA:42==J H:== 92G6 >@C6 A@H6C E92? E96 ?@?\9J3C:5 >@56= H:E9 E96 D2>6 @C D=:89E=J :>AC@G65 7F6= 64@?@>J]k^Am

kAm%96C6 2C6 EH@ 4=2DD6D @7 9J3C:5D[ >:=5 2?5 7F==[ 2D H6== 2D 2 G2C:6EJ @7 9J3C:5 DJDE6> 56D:8?D]k^Am

kAm%96J 2== H@C< @? E96 F?56C=J:?8 AC:?4:A=6 E92E FD:?8 2? 6=64EC:4 >@E@C E@ 2DD:DE :? A@H6C:?8 E96 G69:4=6 42? =6DD6? E96 56>2?5D @? E96 :?E6C?2= 4@>3FDE:@? 6?8:?6[ 4FEE:?8 6>:DD:@?D 2?5 :>AC@G:?8 7F6= 64@?@>J 3J C65F4:?8 E96 2>@F?E @7 82D@=:?6 3FC?65 :? E92E 6?8:?6]k^Am

k9amkDEC@?8m(92E :D 2 |:=5 wJ3C:5nk^DEC@?8mk^9am

kAmp >:=5 9J3C:5[ EJA:7:65 3J E96 G2C:@FD k2 4=2DDlQHA:=0<6JH@C50=:?<Q 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]7@C36D]4@>^H966=D^42CD^2F5:^Q E2C86ElQ03=2?<Q C6=lQ?@@A6?6CQ E:E=6lQpF5:Q 52E2\HA:=\<6JH@C5\=:?<lQ=:?<65QmpF5:k^2m 9J3C:5 >@56=D 2?5 3J E96 6\pDD:DE DJDE6> :? D6G6C2= v6?6C2= |@E@CD G69:4=6D[ FD6D 2 D>2==6C 6=64EC:4 >@E@C 2?5 32EE6CJ E92? 2 7F== 9J3C:5] k^Am

kAm|:=5 9J3C:5D EJA:42==J 92G6 6?8:?6 DE2CE^DE@A DJDE6>D E92E D9FE 5@H? E96 82D 6?8:?6 H96? E96 G69:4=6 :D DE@AA65] %96 6=64EC:4 >@E@C :D FD65 2D 2 DE2CE6C >@E@C E@ :?DE2?E2?6@FD=J <:4< E96 82D 6?8:?6 324< E@ =:76 H96? E96 5C:G6C’D 7@@E :D C6>@G65 7C@> E96 3C2<6 A652= @C 56AC6DD6D E96 82D A652=]k^Am

kAmp >:=5 9J3C:5 2=D@ 42? D9FE 5@H? E96 82D 6?8:?6 :? D@>6 4@?5:E:@?D :7 E96 5C:G6C’D 7@@E :D C6>@G65 7C@> E96 82D A652= H9:=6 E96 G69:4=6 :D DE:== >@G:?8—H96? 4@2DE:?8 FA E@ 2 DE@A D:8?[ 7@C :?DE2?46]k^Am

k7:8FC6 4=2DDlQHA\3=@4<\:>286 D:K6\=2C86Qmk:>8 H:5E9lQhe_Q 96:89ElQdc_Q DC4lQ9EEADi^^HHH]7@C36D]4@>^H966=D^HA\4@?E6?E^FA=@25D^a_a`^_e^a_`h\#2>\6E@CBF60>:=509J3C:5]A?8Q 4=2DDlQHA\:>286\agehecQ ^mk7:842AE:@?mtG6? 7F==\D:K6 ECF4<D 92G6 >:=5\9J3C:5 DJDE6>Di q68:??:?8 H:E9 E96 a_`h >@56= J62C[ k2 4=2DDlQHA:=0<6JH@C50=:?<Q 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]7@C36D]4@>^H966=D^42CD^C2>^Q E2C86ElQ03=2?<Q C6=lQ?@@A6?6CQ E:E=6lQ#2>Q 52E2\HA:=\<6JH@C5\=:?<lQ=:?<65Qm#2>k^2m 3682? 6BF:AA:?8 :ED 'e 2?5 'g A@H6C65 ECF4<D H:E9 2 cg\G@=E >:=5\9J3C:5 DJDE6> 7@C :>AC@G65 7F6= 64@?@>J[ C65F465 6>:DD:@?D 2?5 D>@@E96C DE6A\@77 7C@> 2 DE2?5DE:==] k6>m#2>k^6>mk^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m

kAm%96 6=64EC:4 >@E@C :? 2 >:=5 DJDE6> :D 2=D@ FD65 E@ 2DD:DE E96 82D 6?8:?6—2 EJA6 @7 6=64EC:4 “3@@DE”—H96? 2446=6C2E:?8 7C@> 2 DE@A]k^Am

kAm%96 EH@ 7F?4E:@?D— A6C>:EE:?8 E96 82D 6?8:?6 E@ 36 EFC?65 @77 7@C D9@CE A6C:@5D 2?5 96=A:?8 H:E9 2446=6C2E:@? 27E6C 2 DE@A—42? :?4C62D6 7F6= 64@?@>J :? 2 >:=5 9J3C:5 3J `_T E@ `dT @G6C 2 82D@=:?6\@?=J >@56= @7 E96 D2>6 H6:89E]k^Am

kAm(92E >:=5 9J3C:5D 5@?’E 5@ :D FD6 E96 6=64EC:4 >@E@C 2=@?6 E@ 5C:G6 E96 G69:4=6’D H966=D] pD 2 C6DF=E[ E96C6 :D ?@ 2==\6=64EC:4 @C t' >@56 :? 2 >:=5 9J3C:5]k^Am

k9amkDEC@?8m(92E :D 2 uF== wJ3C:5nk^DEC@?8mk^9am

kAmq642FD6 E96J FD6 >@C6 A@H6C7F= 6=64EC:4 >@E@CD 2?5 =2C86C\42A24:EJ 32EE6C:6D[ 7F== 9J3C:5D 5@ 6G6CJE9:?8 >:=5 9J3C:5D 5@ 2?5 >@C6]k^Am

kAm%96J 42? FD6 E96:C 6=64EC:4 >@E@C E@ 6?23=6 E96 G69:4=6 E@ CF? :? 2==\6=64EC:4 >@56 7@C D9@CE A6C:@5D 2E =@H DA665D] %96J 2=D@ FD6 E96 6=64EC:4 >@E@C >@C6 7C6BF6?E=J 2?5 7@C >F49 =@?86C A6C:@5D E@ 3@@DE E96 82D 6?8:?6’D A6C7@C>2?46]k^Am

kAmuF== 9J3C:5 DJDE6>D 2=D@ 42? 36 56D:8?65 E@ A6C>:E E96 6?8:?6 E@ D9FE 5@H? 2E 9:89H2J DA665D[ FDF2==J 7@C @?=J 2 76H D64@?5D 2E 2 E:>6[ H96?6G6C E96C6 :D DF77:4:6?E A@H6C :? E96 32EE6CJ E@ CF? E96 6=64EC:4 >@E@C] q642FD6 E96 32EE6CJ C6492C86D H9:=6 E96 G69:4=6 :D CF??:?8[ E96D6 A6C:@5:4 k2 4=2DDlQHA:=0<6JH@C50=:?<Q 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]7@C36D]4@>^H966=D^42CD^>:?:^Q E2C86ElQ03=2?<Q C6=lQ?@@A6?6CQ E:E=6lQ>:?:Q 52E2\HA:=\<6JH@C5\=:?<lQ=:?<65Qm>:?:k^2m\D9FE5@H?D 42? @44FC 5@K6?D @7 E:>6D @? 2 D:?8=6 EC:A] %JA:42==J[ E96 D6BF6?4:?8 @7 E96D6 @A6C2E:@?D :D >@56C2E65 3J D@7EH2C6 :?E68C2E65 :?E@ E96 G69:4=6] '2C:@FD DE2E6D @7 9J3C:5 @A6C2E:@? 2?5 492C8:?8 42? 36 G:6H65 G:2 2? :?7@E2:?>6?E D4C66? @C :?DECF>6?E A2?6=]k^Am

k7:8FC6 4=2DDlQHA\3=@4<\:>286 D:K6\=2C86Qmk:>8 H:5E9lQhe_Q 96:89ElQdc_Q DC4lQ9EEADi^^HHH]7@C36D]4@>^H966=D^HA\4@?E6?E^FA=@25D^a_a`^_e^w*3C:50:>286052D9]A?8Q 4=2DDlQHA\:>286\agehedQ ^mk7:842AE:@?m|@DE 7F== 9J3C:5D @776C D@>6 EJA6 @7 :?7@\8C2A9:4 D@ E96 @A6C2E@C 42? <66A E23D @? 2 9J3C:5’D @A6C2E:@?2= DE2EFD :? C62=\E:>6] %9:D 6I2>A=6 :D 7C@> E96 a_a` %@J@E2 !C:FD '] k6>m%@J@E2k^6>mk^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m

kAm%96 C6DF=E :D :>AC@G65 7F6= 677:4:6?4J[ EJA:42==J 3J adT E@ c_T[ G6CDFD 2 ?@?\9J3C:5]k^Am

kAmu@C 6I2>A=6[ E96 a_a` %@J@E2 r2>CJ {t H:E9 E96 a]d\=:E6C 7@FC\4J=:?56C :D t!p C2E65 7@C ba >A8 4@>3:?65[ ag >A8 4:EJ 2?5 bh >A8 9:89H2Jj E96 a_a` r2>CJ {t 9J3C:5 :D t!p C2E65 2E da >A8 4@>3:?65[ d`>A8 4:EJ 2?5 db >A8 9:89H2J] %92E’D 2 D:8?:7:42?E D2G:?8 7@C 2 >@56DE Sa[aad FA492C86 7@C E96 9J3C:5 A@H6CEC2:?]k^Am

k9amkDEC@?8m$@FC46D @7 t=64EC:4:EJk^DEC@?8mk^9am

kAmp== 7F== 9J3C:5D 2?5 D@>6 >:=5 9J3C:5D DE@C6 6?6C8J 7@C E96 6=64EC:4 >@E@C :? 2 9:89\G@=E286 32EE6CJ] $@>6 >:=5 9J3C:5D FD6 2 5:776C6?E EJA6 @7 DE@C286 >65:F> 42==65 2 DFA6C42A24:E@C]k^Am

kAm%96 6?6C8J 4@>6D :? A2CE 7C@> 6I46DD A@H6C 56G6=@A65 3J E96 6?8:?6 3FE 2=D@ 7C@> C686?6C2E:G6 3C2<:?8[ H9:49 FD6D E96 6=64EC:4 >@E@C E@ 96=A D=@H E96 G69:4=6] q642FD6 E96 >@E@C :D?’E ?66565 E@ 5C:G6 E96 42C 7@CH2C5[ :E 42? 36 FD65 2D 2 86?6C2E@C E@ AC@5F46 6=64EC:4:EJ H96? D=@H:?8]k^Am

kAm%96 A@H6C :D 7F??6=65 E@ E96 9J3C:5 32EE6CJ[ H96C6 :E :D DE@C65 F?E:= 42==65 FA@? E@ A@H6C E96 6=64EC:4 >@E@C @? 56>2?5]k^Am

kAmx? 255:E:@? E@ AC@5F4:?8 6=64EC:4:EJ[ C686?6C2E:G6 3C2<:?8 DJDE6>D FDF2==J AC@=@?8 E96 =:76 @7 E96 >6492?:42= 32<6D[ C65F4:?8 E96 7C6BF6?4J 2?5 =:76E:>6 4@DE @7 3C2<6 ;@3D]k^Am

k9amkDEC@?8m%JA6D @7 uF== wJ3C:5Dk^DEC@?8mk^9am

kAm%96C6 2C6 D6G6C2= <:?5D @7 9J3C:5 DJDE6>Dj D@>6 2C6 >@C6 A@H6C\@C:6?E65[ @E96CD 56D:8?65 7@C >@C6 677:4:6?4J] %96 6I24E EJA6 D9@F=5 36 @7 =:EE=6 4@?46C? E@ >@DE 9J3C:5 G69:4=6 3FJ6CD 2D =@?8 2D E96 G69:4=6 7:ED E96:C ?665D 2?5 56=:G6CD E96 56D:C65 =6G6= @7 7F6= 677:4:6?4J]k^Am

kAmp kDEC@?8mk6>mA2C2==6= 9J3C:5k^6>mk^DEC@?8m 4@>3:?6D E96 82D 6?8:?6 2?5 6=64EC:4 >@E@C :? DF49 2 H2J E92E E96J H@C< E@86E96C[ H:E9 E96 82D 6?8:?6 4@??64E65 5:C64E=J E@ E96 H966=D 2?5 5C2H:?8 6IEC2 A@H6C[ H96? ?66565[ 7C@> E96 6=64EC:4 >@E@C]k^Am

kAmkDEC@?8mk6>m%9C@F89 E96 #@25k^6>mk^DEC@?8m W%%#X 9J3C:5D 2C6 2 EJA6 @7 A2C2==6= 9J3C:5 :? H9:49 E96 82D 6?8:?6 5C:G6D @?6 D6E @7 H966=D H9:=6 2? 6=64EC:4 >@E@C AC@G:56D A@H6C E@ E96 @E96C D6E H:E9 ?@ >6492?:42= =:?< 36EH66? E96 7C@?E 2?5 C62C 2I=6D] |2?J 2==\H966= 5C:G6 k2 4=2DDlQHA:=0<6JH@C50=:?<Q 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]7@C36D]4@>^H966=D^42CD^G@=G@^Q E2C86ElQ03=2?<Q C6=lQ?@@A6?6CQ E:E=6lQ'@=G@Q 52E2\HA:=\<6JH@C5\=:?<lQ=:?<65Qm'@=G@k^2m 2?5 q|( 9J3C:5D FD6 %%# DJDE6>D]k^Am

kAmp kDEC@?8mk6>mD6C:6D 9J3C:5k^6>mk^DEC@?8m :D 5C:G6? 6I4=FD:G6=J 3J :ED 6=64EC:4 >@E@C @C >@E@CD[ H:E9 E96 :?E6C?2= 4@>3FDE:@? 6?8:?6 A@H6C:?8 2? @?3@2C5 86?6C2E@C E92E <66AD E96 6=64EC:4:EJ 7=@H:?8] $6C:6D 9J3C:5D DF49 2D E96 5:D4@?E:?F65 k2 4=2DDlQHA:=0<6JH@C50=:?<Q 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]7@C36D]4@>^H966=D^42CD^496GC@=6E^Q E2C86ElQ03=2?<Q C6=lQ?@@A6?6CQ E:E=6lQr96GC@=6EQ 52E2\HA:=\<6JH@C5\=:?<lQ=:?<65Qmr96GC@=6Ek^2m '@=E @C E96 q|( :b #6I @7E6? 2C6 :56?E:7:65 7@C >2C<6E:?8 AFCA@D6D 2D “C2?86\6IE6?565” t'D]k^Am

k7:8FC6 4=2DDlQHA\3=@4<\:>286 D:K6\=2C86Qmk:>8 DC4lQ9EEADi^^HHH]7@C36D]4@>^H966=D^HA\4@?E6?E^FA=@25D^a_a`^_e^Tbr2Ta_4=2DDlQ C6=lQ?@@A6?6CQ E:E=6lQu@C5Q 52E2\HA:=\<6JH@C5\=:?<lQ=:?<65Q ^mu@C50|2G6C:4<0){%09J3C:50AC@7:=6]A?8” 2=El”a_aa k2 4=2DDlQHA:=0<6JH@C50=:?<Q 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]7@C36D]4@>^H966=D^42CD^7@C5^Q E2C86ElQ03=2?<Q C6=lQ?@@A6?6CQ E:E=6lQu@C5Q 52E2\HA:=\<6JH@C5\=:?<lQ=:?<65Qmu@C5k^2m |2G6C:4<” 4=2DDl”HA\:>286\agc__b″^U8Ejk7:842AE:@?mu@C5 C646?E=J 2??@F?465 E96 ?6H k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]7@C36D]4@>^H966=D^?6HD^a_aa\7@C5\>2G6C:4<^Q 52E2\EJA6lQ&#{Q 52E2\:5lQ9EEADi^^HHH]7@C36D]4@>^H966=D^?6HD^a_aa\7@C5\>2G6C:4<^Q E2C86ElQ03=2?<Q C6=lQ?@C676CC6C ?@@A6?6CQm|2G6C:4<k^2m 9J3C:5 4@>A24E A:4<FA E2C86E65 E@ C6EFC? c_ >A8 :? 4:EJ 5C:G:?8] k6>mu@C5k^6>mk^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m

kAm%96 >@DE 4@>>@? EJA6 @7 9J3C:5 DJDE6>[ 9@H6G6C[ :D E96 kDEC@?8mk6>mD6C:6D\A2C2==6= 9J3C:5]k^6>mk^DEC@?8m xED 56D:8? 2FE@>2E:42==J 2AA@CE:@?D A@H6C E@ 2 G69:4=6’D :?E6C?2= 4@>3FDE:@? 2?5 6=64EC:4 5C:G6D 7@C E96 36DE 3=6?5 @7 7F6= 677:4:6?4J 2?5 A@H6C 56=:G6CJ] %96 :?E6C?2= 4@>3FDE:@? 6?8:?6 2=D@ D6CG6D 2D 2 86?6C2E@C E@ AC@G:56 255:E:@?2= ;F:46 E@ E96 6=64EC:4 >@E@C] $6C:6D\A2C2==6= 9J3C:5D 42? CF? :? 6=64EC:4 >@56[ :?E6C?2= 4@>3FDE:@? >@56 @C 2?J 4@>3:?2E:@? @7 E96 EH@ 2D E96 A@H6C >2?286>6?E DJDE6> 56E6C>:?6D]k^Am

kAmk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]7@C36D]4@>^H966=D^25G:46^H92E\:D\2\A=F8\:?\9J3C:5^Q 52E2\EJA6lQ&#{Q 52E2\:5lQ9EEADi^^HHH]7@C36D]4@>^H966=D^25G:46^H92E\:D\2\A=F8\:?\9J3C:5^Q E2C86ElQ03=2?<Q C6=lQ?@C676CC6C ?@@A6?6CQm!=F8\:? 9J3C:5Dk^2m[ H9:49 @44FAJ E96 >:55=6 E:6C @7 E96 6=64EC:7:65 G69:4=6 AJC2>:5 2?5 2C6 E96 DF3;64E @7 E96:C @H? u@C36D (966=D 2CE:4=6[ 42? FD6 2?J @7 E96 E9C66 >2:? EJA6D @7 9J3C:5 5C:G6 DJDE6>D 3FE EJA:42==J 2C6 D6C:6D\A2C2==6= 9J3C:5D]k^Am