Comparing AI personal finance assistants: ChatGPT, Gemini, Copilot and Claude

k9bmkDEC@?8mr@>A2C:?8 px A6CD@?2= 7:?2?46 2DD:DE2?EDi r92Ev!%[ v6>:?:[ r@A:=@E 2?5 r=2F56k^DEC@?8mk^9bm

kAmpx WD9@CE 7@C 2CE:7:4:2= :?E6==:86?46X 92D 364@>6 2? 6G6CJ52J E@@= 7@C >2?28:?8 >@?6J] xE 42? 5@ 6G6CJE9:?8 7C@> 6IA=2:? 32D:4 7:?2?4:2= 4@?46AED E@ @776C A6CD@?2=:K65 96=A H:E9 J@FC 3F586E 2?5 D2G:?8D A=2? E@ 96=A J@F AC6A2C6 7@C >66E:?8D H:E9 J@FC 7:?2?4:2= 25G:D@C]k^Am

kAm}@E 2== px 2DD:DE2?ED 2C6 E96 D2>6[ 2?5 6249 A=2E7@C> 92D :ED @H? k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]H62=E96?92?46>6?E]4@>^3=@8^AC@D\2?5\4@?D\FD:?8\2:\>2?286\J@FC\7:?2?46DQmDEC6?8E9D[ H62<?6DD6Dk^2m[ 2?5 :562= FD6 42D6D] x7 J@F’C6 4@>A2C:?8 r92Ev!%[ v6>:?:[ r@A:=@E[ 2?5 r=2F56 2?5 ECJ:?8 E@ 564:56 H9:49 :D 36EE6C 7@C >2?28:?8 J@FC A6CD@?2= 7:?2?46D[ <66A C625:?8 E@ =62C? >@C6 7C@> k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]H62=E96?92?46>6?E]4@>^Qm(62=E9 t?92?46>6?Ek^2m]k^Am

k9bm%{js#k^9bm

kF=mk=:mr92Ev!% :D 36DE 7@C =62C?:?8 23@FE A6CD@?2= 7:?2?46D[ :?4=F5:?8 3C62<:?8 5@H? 4@>A=6I 7:?2?4:2= 4@?46AED 2?5 252AE:?8 E@ >2?J 5:776C6?E EJA6D @7 AC@>AED]k^=:mk=:mv6>:?: :D 36DE 7@C v@@8=6 (@C<DA246 FD6CD E92?<D E@ :ED 62DJ :?E68C2E:@? H:E9 v>2:=[ v@@8=6 sC:G6[ s@4D[ 2?5 $966ED]k^=:mk=:mr@A:=@E :D 36DE 7@C (:?5@HD 2?5 |:4C@D@7E bed FD6CD H9@ H2?E 2? px 2DD:DE2?E E96J 42? FD6 :? E96:C ~FE=@@< :?3@I6D[ 2D H6== 2D (@C5 2?5 tI46=]k^=:mk=:mr=2F56 :D 36DE 7@C C625:?8 2?5 DF>>2C:K:?8 =@?8 !suD[ H9:49 42? 36 96=A7F= H96? C6G:6H:?8 5@4F>6?ED 7C@> J@FC 7:?2?4:2= 25G:D@C]k^=:mk=:mq6 >:?57F= @7 E96 AC:G24J D6EE:?8D 7@C px 492ED[ 6DA64:2==J H96? 562=:?8 H:E9 7:?2?4:2= :?7@C>2E:@?k^=:mk=:m#6DF=ED H:== G2CJ 36EH66? px E@@=D] %6DE 2 4@FA=6 @7 E2D<D E@ 7:?5 @?6 E92E H@C<D 36DE 7@C J@FC D:EF2E:@?]k^=:mk^F=m

k9bm(92E px pDD:DE2?ED r2? 2?5 r2?’E s@ 7@C *@FC |@?6Jk^9bm

kAmr92Ev!%[ v@@8=6 v6>:?:[ |:4C@D@7E r@A:=@E[ 2?5 r=2F56 2C6 2>@?8 E96 >@DE A@AF=2C px 2DD:DE2?ED @? E96 >2C<6E] t249 @?6 3C:?8D 5:776C6?E DEC6?8E9D E@ k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]H62=E96?92?46>6?E]4@>^3=@8^2:\AC@>AED\96=A\J@F\>2?286\J@FC\9@FD69@=5\7:?2?46DQm>2?28:?8 J@FC A6CD@?2= 7:?2?46Dk^2m]k^Am

kAmt249 @7 E96D6 px E@@=D 92D D@>6 D:>:=2C:E:6D] %96J C6=J @? E649?@=@8:6D DF49 2D ?2EFC2= =2?8F286 AC@46DD:?8[ >249:?6 =62C?:?8[ 2?5 52E2 2?2=JD:D E@ F?56CDE2?5 2?5 AC@46DD J@FC :?AFED[ A6C7@C> E2D<D[ 2?5 =62C? 7C@> J@FC :?E6C24E:@?D E@ :>AC@G6 E96:C A6C7@C>2?46 @G6C E:>6]k^Am

k9bm%JA:42= $EC6?8E9D 7@C r@?DF>6CDk^9bm

kAmpx 2DD:DE2?ED 2C6 6I46==6?E E@@=D E@ 96=A H:E9 =62C?:?8 2?5 2?2=JD:D] u:CDE[ E96J 42? 36 2? 67764E:G6 H2J E@ 96=A J@F =62C? E96 32D:4D @7 A6CD@?2= 7:?2?46D[ 7C@> 9@H 2 c_`W<X H@C<D E@ 5:776C6?E 3F586E:?8 >6E9@5D 2G2:=23=6]k^Am

kAmpx :D 2=D@ H6==\DF:E65 E@ 2?2=JK:?8 2?5 DF>>2C:K:?8 :?7@C>2E:@?] u@C 6I2>A=6[ J@F 4@F=5 FD6 2? px 2DD:DE2?E E@ 2?2=JK6 2?5 6IA=2:? J@FC DA6?5:?8 EC6?5D[ J@FC C6E:C6>6?E A=2? @AE:@?D[ J@FC H@C<A=246’D G6DE:?8 D4965F=6[ 2?5 >@C6]k^Am

kAmp?@E96C H2J E@ FD6 px :D E@ EFC? !suD :?E@ A=2:? =2?8F286 DF>>2C:6D] s:5 J@F C646:G6 2 =6?8E9J 7:?2?4:2= 5@4F>6?E 7C@> J@FC H@C<A=246’D w# @C J@FC 7:?2?4:2= 25G:D@C[ 2?5 J@F’C6 92G:?8 2 92C5 E:>6 86EE:?8 E9C@F89 :E 2?5 F?56CDE2?5:?8 :En p? px 2DD:DE2?E 4@F=5 36 FD67F= 7@C E92E E2D<]k^Am

kAm(96? FD65 :? 4@?;F?4E:@? H:E9 2 7:?2?4:2= A=2??6C[ px 2DD:DE2?ED 42? 96=A J@F AC6A2C6 7@C J@FC >66E:?8D[ 5C27E BF6DE:@?D J@F D9@F=5 2D<[ C6G:6H :?7@C>2E:@? 7C@> J@FC 25G:D@C[ 2?5 4C62E6 2 D4965F=6 E@ E24<=6 2== @7 E96 E2D<D J@FC 25G:D@C 92D C64@>>6?565]k^Am

k9bm#62= {:>:ED *@F }665 E@ z?@Hk^9bm

kAm(9:=6 px 2DD:DE2?ED 92G6 D@>6 4=62C 36?67:ED 7@C J@FC A6CD@?2= 7:?2?46D[ E96J 2=D@ 92G6 D@>6 >2;@C =:>:E2E:@?D 2?5 C:D<D]k^Am

kAmu:CDE[ 2D >6?E:@?65[ px :D?’E `__T 244FC2E6] |@DE A6@A=6 H9@ C68F=2C=J FD6 px 92G6 =:<6=J 925 E96 6IA6C:6?46 @7 36:?8 AC@G:565 H:E9 3=2E2?E=J 72=D6 :?7@C>2E:@?] tG6? :7 J@F’C6 @?=J FD:?8 :E 7@C =62C?:?8[ :E 4@F=5 AC@G:56 :?244FC2E6 :?7@C>2E:@?[ H9:49 4@F=5 =625 J@F E@ >2<6 >:DE2<6D H:E9 J@FC A6CD@?2= 7:?2?46D]k^Am

kAm}6IE[ E96C6 2C6 D@>6 AC:G24J C:D<D H96? :E 4@>6D E@ FD:?8 px[ 6DA64:2==J :7 J@F’C6 A=F88:?8 :? D6?D:E:G6 :?7@C>2E:@?] t249 px 2DD:DE2?E 92D 5:776C6?E AC:G24J A@=:4:6D[ 2?5 E96C6’D ?@ H2J E@ <?@H J@FC 52E2 :D 4@>A=6E6=J D276 2?5 :D?’E 36:?8 FD65 E@ EC2:? E96 px DJDE6>] *@F D9@F=5 ?6G6C 6?E6C D6?D:E:G6 :?7@C>2E:@?[ DF49 2D J@FC 32?< 244@F?E ?F>36CD @C $@4:2= $64FC:EJ ?F>36C[ :?E@ 2? px E@@=]k^Am

kAmu:?2==J[ px :D?’E C62==J 2AAC@AC:2E6 7@C A6CD@?2=:K65 25G:46] px 2DD:DE2?ED 2C6?’E 42A23=6 @7 E96 4C:E:42= E9:?<:?8 2?5 ?F2?46 ?66565 E@ 252AE E96:C C64@>>6?52E:@?D E@ J@FC F?:BF6 D:EF2E:@? @C 8@2=D]k^Am

kAm&D:?8 px 2D J@FC D@=6 D@FC46 @7 7:?2?4:2= :?7@C>2E:@? 2?5 25G:46 4@F=5 AFE J@F :? 2 A@@C 7:?2?4:2= A@D:E:@? E92E :D 5:77:4F=E E@ 4@>6 324< 7C@>]k^Am

k9bmpx pDD:DE2?ED 7@C !6CD@?2= u:?2?46 – "F:4< r@>A2C:D@?k^9bm

k7:8FC6mk:>8 DC4lQ9EEADi^^:>286D]DE24<6C]4@>^H^`ag_^:>286D^DE@C:6D^a_ae^_`^_h^2:\2DD:DE2?ED0BF:4<\4@>A2C:D@?]A?8Q 2=ElQ%23=6 4@>A2C:?8 px 2DD:DE2?ED 32D65 @? DEC6?8E9D[ 4@>>@? =:>:ED[ AC:G24J 4@?EC@=D[ 2?5 ~$ 4@>A2E:3:=:EJ]Q DEJ=6lQH:5E9i `__TQ ^mk7:842AE:@?m(62=E9 t?92?46>6?Ek^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m

k9bmk3C ^ms66A s:G6Di $EC6?8E9D[ v2AD[ q6DE u:Ek^9bm

kAmkDEC@?8mr92Ev!%k^DEC@?8mk^Am

kAmk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]492E8AE]4@>Qmr92Ev!%k^2m :D :562= 7@C 6IA=2:?:?8 2?5 3C62<:?8 5@H? 3@E9 32D:4 2?5 4@>A=6I 7:?2?4:2= E@A:4D] xE 42? 2?DH6C 7:?2?4:2= BF6DE:@?D :? 4=62C[ 4@?G6CD2E:@?2= =2?8F286] r92Ev!% 42? F?56CDE2?5 2 H:56 C2?86 @7 5:776C6?E AC@>AE EJA6D] xE 42? 2=D@ C6>6>36C J@FC 4@?G6CD2E:@?D[ H9:49 2==@HD :E E@ C6E2:? 4@?E6IE 2?5 F?56CDE2?5 J@FC F?:BF6 ?665D 2?5 FD6 42D6D] |2?J A6@A=6 FD6 :E 2D E96:C AC:>2CJ px 2DD:DE2?E 3642FD6 @7 9@H 62DJ :E :D E@ FD6[ 9@H :E C6>6>36CD E9:?8D 23@FE J@F[ 2?5 :ED G6CD2E:=:EJ]k^Am

kAmkDEC@?8mv6>:?:k^DEC@?8mk^Am

kAmk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^86>:?:]8@@8=6^FD^23@FEQmv6>:?:k^2m[ v@@8=6’D px 2DD:DE2?E[ :?E68C2E6D H6== H:E9 E96 4@>A2?J’D @E96C AC@5F4ED] xE’D 8@@5 2E DF>>2C:K:?8 6>2:=D[ C625:?8[ 2?2=JK:?8[ 2?5 :?E6CAC6E:?8 7:=6D :? J@FC v@@8=6 sC:G6[ 2D H6== 2D 2DD:DE:?8 H:E9 3F586E:?8 2?5 A=2??:?8 E2D<D :? J@FC v@@8=6 $966ED] x7 J@F H2?E 2 A=2E7@C> E92E 42? C6G:6H 2?5 F?56CDE2?5 7:=6D[ 2?5 J@F’C6 @7E6? H@C<:?8 :? E96 v@@8=6 64@DJDE6>[ E9:D :D 2 8C62E @AE:@? 7@C J@F]k^Am

kAmkDEC@?8m|:4C@D@7E r@A:=@Ek^DEC@?8mk^Am

kAmk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]>:4C@D@7E]4@>^6?\FD^>:4C@D@7E\4@A:=@E^7@C\:?5:G:5F2=D^Qmr@A:=@Ek^2m :D |:4C@D@7E’D px 2DD:DE2?E] $:>:=2C E@ v6>:?:’D :?E68C2E:@?D H:E9 @E96C v@@8=6 AC@5F4ED[ r@A:=@E :?E68C2E6D H6== H:E9 @E96C |:4C@D@7E AC@5F4ED[ :?4=F5:?8 ~FE=@@<[ (@C5[ 2?5 tI46=] xE 42? 96=A J@F DF>>2C:K6[ 2?2=JK6[ 2?5 5C27E 6>2:=D[ BF:4<=J AC@46DD 5@4F>6?ED[ 2?5 2?2=JK6 @C C67:?6 DAC625D966ED]k^Am

kAmkDEC@?8mr=2F56k^DEC@?8mk^Am

kAmk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^4=2F56]4@>^AC@5F4E^@G6CG:6HQmr=2F56k^2m :D 36DE 2E C625:?8[ F?56CDE2?5:?8[ 2?5 DF>>2C:K:?8 =@?8 5@4F>6?ED] xED =@?8 >6>@CJ 96=AD :E 2AAC@249 =@?8 !suD[ :?4=F5:?8 A=2? 56D4C:AE:@?D[ 5:D4=@DFC6D[ 7:?2?4:2= DE2E6>6?ED[ 2?5 >@C6] xE’D 2=D@ H6==\DF:E65 E@ HC:E:?8[ >62?:?8 :E 42? 96=A J@F 5C27E 4@CC6DA@?56?46 H:E9 J@FC 7:?2?4:2= A=2??6C] u:?2==J[ :ED 42C67F= C62D@?:?8 >2<6D :E 2 8@@5 @AE:@? 7@C C6D62C49\962GJ E2D<D]k^Am

k9bm!C24E:42= |@?6J %2D<D *@F r2? %CJ %@52Jk^9bm

kAmpx 2DD:DE2?ED 42? 96=A J@F H:E9 2 G2C:6EJ @7 3@E9 D:>A=6 2?5 4@>A=6I 7:?2?4:2= E2D<D 2?5 4@?46AED] (9:=6 :E’D ?@E E96 36DE @AE:@? 7@C A6CD@?2=:K65 7:?2?4:2= 25G:46[ 96C6 2C6 D@>6 E2D<D 7@C H9:49 :E :D H6==\DF:E65]k^Am

kAmkDEC@?8mqF586E 2F5:E 7C@> 2 32?< r$'k^DEC@?8mk^Am

kAm*@F 42? FA=@25 J@FC 32?< 244@F?E 24E:G:EJ 7C@> 2 DAC625D966E :?E@ 2? px 2DD:DE2?E 2?5 92G6 :E C6G:6H 2?5 2?2=JK6 J@FC C646?E DA6?5:?8] xE 4@F=5 D9@H J@F H96C6 J@F’C6 DA6?5:?8 >@DE @7 J@FC >@?6J[ C64FCC:?8 6IA6?D6D[ 2?5 H96C6 J@F >2J 36 23=6 E@ 4FE 324<]k^Am

kAmyFDE >2<6 DFC6 E92E 367@C6 J@F FA=@25 2?J 5@4F>6?ED @C DAC625D966ED[ J@F’G6 C6>@G65 J@FC 244@F?E ?F>36CD 2?5 @E96C D6?D:E:G6 A6CD@?2= 52E2]k^Am

kAmkDEC@?8mtIA=2:? J@FC c_`W<X >2E49 2?5 G6DE:?8k^DEC@?8mk^Am

kAmc_`W<X A=2? 5@4F>6?ED 42? 36 5:77:4F=E E@ ?2G:82E6[ 3FE 2? px 2DD:DE2?E 42? 96=A] *@F 42? FA=@25 J@FC A=2? 5@4F>6?ED :?E@ 2? px 2DD:DE2?E 2?5 2D< :E E@ 2?2=JK6 2?5 DF>>2C:K6 E96 :?7@C>2E:@?[ :?4=F5:?8 9@H 6>A=@J6C 4@?EC:3FE:@?D H@C<[ J@FC G6DE:?8 D4965F=6[ 2?5 @E96C 36?67:ED :?7@C>2E:@?] u:?2==J[ :E 42? 3C62< 5@H? J@FC :?G6DE>6?E @AE:@?D] (9:=6 J@F D9@F=5?’E C6=J @? px E@ 49@@D6 J@FC :?G6DE>6?ED[ :E 4@F=5 96=A J@F F?56CDE2?5 J@FC @AE:@?D 36EE6C]k^Am

kAmkDEC@?8ms63E >2?286>6?Ek^DEC@?8mk^Am

kAmr@?D:56C FD:?8 2? px 2DD:DE2?E E@ 96=A J@F A2J @77 J@FC 563E] *@F 42? FA=@25 2 DAC625D966E @7 2== @7 J@FC 563ED[ :?4=F5:?8 6249 @?6’D 32=2?46[ :?E6C6DE C2E6[ >@?E9=J A2J>6?E[ 2?5 A2J>6?E E6C>] uC@> E96C6[ px 42? 96=A J@F 4C62E6 2 563E C6A2J>6?E D4965F=6 E92E 96=AD J@F A2J @77 J@FC 563E 72DE6C 2?5 A2J E96 =62DE 2>@F?E @7 :?E6C6DE] *@F 42? 2D< :E E@ D9@H J@F J@FC A@E6?E:2= D2G:?8D 24C@DD 5:776C6?E >6E9@5D[ DF49 2D E96 563E D?@H32== G6CDFD E96 563E 2G2=2?496]k^Am

k9bm!6CD@?2= u:?2?46 !C@>AE tI2>A=6Dk^9bm

kF=mk=:m“$F>>2C:K6 E9:D c_`W<X A=2? !su 2?5 =:DE 7:G6 24E:@? :E6>D x 42? 5:D4FDD H:E9 >J 25G:D@C] z66A 3F==6ED F?56C `a H@C5D]”k^=:mk=:m“uC@> E9:D 4=62?65 32?< r$'[ 8C@FA 6IA6?D6D[ 7=28 DF3D4C:AE:@?D[ 2?5 D9@H 2 D:>A=6 >@?E9=J 3F586E]”k^=:mk=:m“tIA=2:? #@E9 GD] %C25:E:@?2= 4@?EC:3FE:@?D :? A=2:? t?8=:D9 7@C 2 (\a 6>A=@J66 :? 2 acT E2I 3C24<6E] p55 2 AC@D 2?5 4@?D =:DE]”k^=:mk=:m“%FC? E96D6 >66E:?8 ?@E6D :?E@ E9C66 7@==@H\FA BF6DE:@?D E@ 2D< >J 25G:D@C 23@FE C6E:C6>6?E E:>6=:?6D]”k^=:mk=:m“#65C27E E9:D 6>2:= E@ w# 2D<:?8 7@C A=2? 766 5:D4=@DFC6D[ <66A :E A@=:E6 2?5 D9@CE]”k^=:mk^F=m

k9bm$276EJ 2?5 !C:G24J r964<=:DEk^9bm

kAmq67@C6 J@F DE2CE FD:?8 2? px 2DD:DE2?E E@ >2?286 J@FC A6CD@?2= 7:?2?46D[ E96C6 2C6 D@>6 32D:4 D276EJ AC642FE:@?D J@F D9@F=5 F?56CDE2?5]k^Am

kAmkDEC@?8mvC@F?5 CF=6D 367@C6 J@F A2DE6 2?JE9:?8k^DEC@?8mk^Am

kAmq67@C6 D92C:?8 7:?2?4:2= :?7@C>2E:@? H:E9 2?J px E@@=[ :E’D :>A@CE2?E E@ 7@==@H 36DE AC24E:46D 7@C AC:G24J 2?5 D64FC:EJ] pG@:5 D92C:?8 D6?D:E:G6 :?7@C>2E:@?[ :?4=F5:?8 244@F?E ?F>36CD[ $@4:2= $64FC:EJ ?F>36CD[ @C 7F== 7:?2?4:2= DE2E6>6?ED]k^Am

kAmq67@C6 FD:?8 2?J px 2DD:DE2?E[ >2<6 DFC6 E@ EFC? @? 244@F?E D64FC:EJ 2?5 C6G:6H E96:C AC:G24J A@=:4:6D 2?5 52E2 4@?EC@=D D@ J@F <?@H H92E :?7@C>2E:@? :D 2?5 :D?’E 36:?8 DE@C65] p?5 96C6’D 2 AC@ E:Ai *@F 42? FD6 px E@ DF>>2C:K6 E96 AC:G24J A@=:4:6D 2?5 E6C>D @7 D6CG:46 @7 E96 px A=2E7@C>D]k^Am

kAmw6C6 2C6 D@>6 255:E:@?2= C6D@FC46D J@F 42? EFC? E@ 7@C 8F:52?46ik^Am

kF=mk=:mu%r px #6A@CED 2?5 !C6DDi k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]7E4]8@G^:?5FDECJ^E649?@=@8J^2CE:7:4:2=\:?E6==:86?46Qm9EEADi^^HHH]7E4]8@G^:?5FDECJ^E649?@=@8J^2CE:7:4:2=\:?E6==:86?46k^2mk^=:mk=:m}x$% px #:D< |2?286>6?E uC2>6H@C<i k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?:DE]8@G^:E=^2:\C:D<\>2?286>6?E\7C2>6H@C<Qm9EEADi^^HHH]?:DE]8@G^:E=^2:\C:D<\>2?286>6?E\7C2>6H@C<k^2mk^=:mk=:muqx x?E6C?6E rC:>6 #6A@CE a_aci k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]:4b]8@G^p??F2=#6A@CE^#6A@CED^a_ac0xrb#6A@CE]A57Qm9EEADi^^HHH]:4b]8@G^p??F2=#6A@CE^#6A@CED^a_ac0xrb#6A@CE]A57k^2mk^=:mk=:m$tr r@?7=:4ED @7 x?E6C6DE 2?5 !C65:4E:G6 s2E2 u24E $966Ei k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]D64]8@G^7:=6D^bc\hfhh_\724E\D966E]A57Qm9EEADi^^HHH]D64]8@G^7:=6D^bc\hfhh_\724E\D966E]A57k^2mk^=:mk^F=m

kAmkDEC@?8m$A@EE:?8 px\6?23=65 D42>Dk^DEC@?8mk^Am

kAmpx :D :?4C62D:?8=J 36:?8 FD65 24C@DD 2== :?5FDEC:6D[ :?4=F5:?8 7C2F5] xE 42? 36 FD65 E@ 4C62E6 566A72<6 G:56@D[ G@:46 4=@?:?8[ 2?5 A9:D9:?8 D42>D E92E 2C6 5:77:4F=E E@ 56E64E 2?5 62DJ E@ 72== 7@C] xE’D :>A@CE2?E E@ F?56CDE2?5 9@H E@ C64@8?:K6 2?5 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]H62=E96?92?46>6?E]4@>^3=@8^9@H\E@\AC@E64E\J@FCD6=7\7C@>\4J36C2EE24<DQmAC@E64E J@FCD6=7 7C@> E96D6 4J36C\2EE24<Dk^2m 2?5 E@ :>>65:2E6=J C6A@CE 2?JE9:?8 DFDA:4:@FD]k^Am

k9bm%FC? px 96=A x?E@ 2 !=2?k^9bm

kAmpx 2DD:DE2?ED 2C6 8C62E 4@>A2?:@?D 7@C J@FC 52J\E@\52J >@?6J E2D<D] !:4< E96 @?6 E92E 7:ED J@FC H@C=5 2?5 E96 ;@3 2E 92?5i r92Ev!% 7@C =62C?:?8 2?5 A=2:?\t?8=:D9 6IA=2?2E:@?D[ v6>:?: 7@C 962GJ v@@8=6 (@C<DA246 FD6[ r@A:=@E 7@C |:4C@D@7E bed[ 2?5 r=2F56 7@C =@?8 5@4F>6?ED] z66A AC:G24J :? >:?5[ DEC:A D6?D:E:G6 56E2:=D 367@C6 J@F A2DE6[ 2?5 EC62E 2?J @FEAFE 2D 2 DE2CE:?8 A@:?E]k^Am

kAm"F:4< ?6IE DE6AD J@F 42? E2<6 E@52Jik^Am

k@=mk=:mr9@@D6 @?6 2DD:DE2?E 2?5 EFC? @? 244@F?E D64FC:EJ :? :ED D6EE:?8D]k^=:mk=:m%6DE EH@ E2D<Di $F>>2C:K6 2 c_`W<X A=2? !su 2?5 CF? 2 D:>A=6 3F586E C6G:6H 7C@> 2 4=62?65 32?< r$']k^=:mk=:mr2AEFC6 J@FC BF6DE:@?D 2?5 3C:?8 E96> E@ 2 A=2??:?8 4@?G6CD2E:@?]k^=:mk^@=m

k9bmup"Dk^9bm

kAmkDEC@?8m(9:49 2DD:DE2?E 7:ED |:4C@D@7E GD] v@@8=6 FD6CD 36EE6Cnk^DEC@?8mk^Am

kAm|:4C@D@7E r@A:=@E :D 36DE 7@C C68F=2C |:4C@D@7E FD6CD[ 2D :E :?E68C2E6D 62D:=J H:E9 @E96C |:4C@D@7E AC@5F4ED[ :?4=F5:?8 ~FE=@@<[ (@C5[ 2?5 tI46=] v6>:?:[ @? E96 @E96C 92?5[ :D 36DE 7@C v@@8=6 FD6CD H9@ H2?E 2? px 2DD:DE2?E E@ D62>=6DD=J :?E68C2E6 H:E9 E96:C @E96C AC@5F4ED]k^Am

kAmkDEC@?8mxD >J 492E 52E2 FD65 7@C EC2:?:?8nk^DEC@?8mk^Am

kAmpx 2DD:DE2?ED 2C6 4@?DE2?E=J =62C?:?8[ A2CE:2==J E9C@F89 A2DE 4@?G6CD2E:@?D H:E9 FD6CD] (96? J@F FD6 px[ J@FC 492ED 4@F=5 36 FD65 7@C EC2:?:?8 E96 2DD:DE2?E E@ 86E 36EE6C] s6A6?5:?8 @? J@FC px 2DD:DE2?E[ J@F >2J 36 23=6 E@ EFC? @77 E9:D 762EFC6 D@ E92E J@FC 492ED 2C6 >@C6 AC:G2E6]k^Am

kAmkDEC@?8mw@H 5@ x <66A 492ED AC:G2E6nk^DEC@?8mk^Am

kAmu:CDE[ >2<6 DFC6 J@FC 244@F?E :D D64FC6 H:E9 2 DEC@?8 A2DDH@C5 2?5 >F=E:724E@C 2FE96?E:42E:@?] |@DE px 2DD:DE2?ED 2=D@ 2==@H J@F E@ EFC? @? 6?92?465 AC:G24J[ 3FE J@F’== 92G6 E@ 8@ :?E@ J@FC D6EE:?8D E@ 5@ E9:D]k^Am

kAmkDEC@?8m(92E 23@FE DF>>2C:K:?8 =@?8 !suD =:<6 A=2? 5@4F>6?EDnk^DEC@?8mk^Am

kAmpx 2DD:DE2?ED 2C6 A2CE:4F=2C=J H6==\DF:E65 E@ DF>>2C:K:?8 =@?8 !suD[ :?4=F5:?8 A=2? 5@4F>6?ED] r=2F56 :D 6DA64:2==J 8@@5 2E 92?5=:?8 =2C86 5@4F>6?ED 2?5 42? AC@G:56 4=62C[ 4@?4:D6 DF>>2C:6D]k^Am

kAmkDEC@?8mpC6 E96C6 @E96C px E@@=D E92E 42? 96=A >2?286 >J A6CD@?2= 7:?2?46Dnk^DEC@?8mk^Am

kAm%96C6 2C6 E9@FD2?5D @7 px E@@=D 2G2:=23=6[ D@>6 >@C6 DA64:2=:K65 E92? @E96CD] *@F 42? 5:D4@G6C E96D6 E@@=D E9C@F89 D:>A=6 @?=:?6 D62C496D[ @?=:?6 8C@FAD[ @C 3J 2D<:?8 px]k^Am

kAmk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]H62=E96?92?46>6?E]4@>^3=@8^36DE\2:\2DD:DE2?ED\7@C\A6CD@?2=\7:?2?46Qmk6>m%9:D DE@CJk^6>mk^2m k6>mH2D AC@5F465 3Jk^6>m k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]H62=E96?92?46>6?E]4@>Qmk6>m(62=E9 t?92?46>6?Ek^6>mk^2m k6>m2?5 C6G:6H65 2?5 5:DEC:3FE65 3Jk^6>m k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^9F3D]=2^"_b<=8$#_Q C6=lQ?@7@==@HQmk6>m$E24<6Ck^6>mk^2m]k^Am