Report: Black students’ exclusion from high-quality math has dire consequences

k9bmkDEC@?8m#6A@CEi q=24< DEF56?ED’ 6I4=FD:@? 7C@> 9:89\BF2=:EJ >2E9 92D 5:C6 4@?D6BF6?46Dk^DEC@?8mk^9bm

kAmq=24< DEF56?ED 92G6 366? 6I4=F565 7C@> 9:89\BF2=:EJ >2E96>2E:4D 7@C 86?6C2E:@?D — H:E9 5:C6 @FE4@>6D 24256>:42==J 2?5 AC@76DD:@?2==J[ 2 r2=:7@C?:2\32D65 >2E9 6BF:EJ 8C@FA 7@F?5]k^Am

kAmyFDE tBF2E:@?’D C646?E C6A@CE[ “k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^45?]AC@5]H63D:E6\7:=6D]4@>^e`272a3d565eee`_h__2_3hf^e2`g4_fba37_c5ef4ag75cgh0yt"Ta_rp{r&{p%tsTa_qp##xt#$Ta_#t!~#%]A57Qmr2=4F=2E65 q2CC:6CDk^2m[” ?@E6D E92E H9:=6 E96D6 DEF56?ED >2<6 FA `dT @7 E96 ?2E:@?’D AF3=:4 D49@@= A@AF=2E:@?[ E96J 244@F?E65 7@C @?=J eT @7 E9@D6 6?C@==65 :? p! >2E9 4=2DD6D :? E96 a_a`\aa D49@@= J62C]k^Am

kAm%92E 6I4=FD:@? 92D 4@?D6BF6?46D E92E 8@ 72C 36J@?5 D49@@=[ E96 8C@FA 4@?E6?5D]k^Am

kAm“uC@> F?56CDE2?5:?8 6=64E:@? DJDE6>D 2?5 D@4:2= 56E6C>:?2?ED @7 962=E9 E@ >2<:?8 DFC6 J@F 92G6 E96 5:8:E2= D<:==D E@ 36 >2C<6E23=6 :? E@52J’D H@C<7@C46[ BF2=:EJ >2E9 65F42E:@? AC6A2C6D J@F E@ 7F==J 6?8286 :? D@4:6EJ[” p?5C62 |4r9C:DE:2?[ yFDE tBF2E:@?D’ ?2E:@?2= A@=:4J 5:C64E@C[ E@=5 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]E96fc>:==:@?]@C8^Qm%96 fck^2m]k^Am

kAmw6C C6A@CE ?@E6D E92E H9:=6 q=24< 25F=ED 244@F?E65 7@C `aT @7 E96 4@F?ECJ’D @G6C2== H@C<:?8 A@AF=2E:@? :? a_a`[ E96J >256 FA ;FDE hT @7 E96 ?2E:@?’D $%t| H@C<7@C46]k^Am

kAmq6?;2>:? |@J?:92?[ 6I64FE:G6 5:C64E@C @7 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^2=863C2]@C8Qm%96 p=863C2 !C@;64E[ x?4]k^2m[ @?6 @7 E96 8C@FAD yFDE tBF2E:@?D C64@8?:K6D 7@C 96=A:?8 q=24< DEF56?ED DF44665 :? E96 DF3;64E[ D2:5 E96 C6A@CE D9@F=5 DA2C< 8C62E6C 7@4FD @? E96 E@A:4]k^Am

kAm“r2=4F=2E65 q2CC:6CD D9@HD FD E92E @FC 4FCC6?E 4C:D:D :? >2E96>2E:4D 65F42E:@? 92D 366? 2 49@:46 E92E E96 ?2E:@? 92D >256[” 96 D2:5] “(6 ?665 E@ >2<6 ?6H 49@:46D] {6E FD 92G6 2 ?2E:@?2= 5:D4FDD:@? :? H9:49 H6 4@==64E:G6=J 56E6C>:?6 9@H E@ >2<6 E96 C:89E 564:D:@?D E9:D E:>6]”k^Am

kAmyFDE tBF2E:@?D ?@E6D q=24< DEF56?ED 2C6 @7E6? <6AE 7C@> E2<:?8 42=4F=FD :? 9:89 D49@@= — DE:== 4@?D:56C65 2 8@=5 DE2?52C5 4@FCD6 3J >2?J E@A\E:6C 4@==686D — 3642FD6 E96J 5@?’E 92G6 2446DD E@ 6:89E9 8C256 2=863C2[ 2 4@FCD6 =:?<65 E@ 25G2?465 >2E9 49@:46D =2E6C @?]k^Am

kAm“(96? DEF56?ED 92G6 E96 @AA@CEF?:EJ E@ E2<6 p=863C2 x :? >:55=6 D49@@=[ 2DDF>:?8 E96J 2C6 DF77:4:6?E=J AC6A2C65 7@C :E[ E96:C DF446DD :? E96 4@FCD6 42? @A6? 5@@CD E@ DEC6?8E96?65 2?2=JE:42= 2?5 C62D@?:?8 D<:==D[ 25G2?465 >2E9 :? 9:89 D49@@=[ 2?5 4@==686 2?5 42C66C A2E9H2JD[” E96 C6A@CE ?@E6Dk^Am

kAmqFE >2?J D49@@=D 5@?’E @776C E96 4@FCD6 2E E96 >:55=6 D49@@= =6G6=]k^Am

kAmyFDE tBF2E:@?D 4:E6D E96 }6H *@C< tBF:EJ r@2=:E:@?’D 7:?5:?8 E92E afT @7 }6H *@C< DE2E6 D49@@=D E92E D6CG6 D6G6?E9 2?5 6:89E9 8C256CD 5:5 ?@E @776C p=863C2 x :? E96 6:89E9 8C256 5FC:?8 E96 a_ac\ad D49@@= J62C] }6H *@C<’D q=24< 2?5 w:DA2?:4 DEF56?ED H6C6 >@C6 =:<6=J E@ 36 6?C@==65 :? E96D6 D49@@=D E92? E96:C H9:E6 2?5 pD:2? A66CD[ 244@C5:?8 E@ E96 4@2=:E:@?]k^Am

kAmq=24< 49:=5C6? 2=D@ 7246 492==6?86D 2446DD:?8 p=863C2 xx[ yFDE tBF2E:@?D 7@F?5] yFDE g_T @7 D49@@=D H:E9 9:89 6?C@==>6?ED @7 q=24< 2?5 w:DA2?:4 DEF56?ED @776C65 E96 4@FCD6 4@>A2C65 E@ gdT @7 D49@@=D H:E9 =@H 6?C@==>6?E @7 E96D6 DEF56?ED]k^Am

kAm%96 5:DA2C:EJ 4@?E:?F65 2D DEF56?ED 2865 — 2?5 4@FCD6H@C< 3642>6 >@C6 C:8@C@FD] x? E96 a_a`\aa D49@@= J62C[ eaT @7 D49@@=D H:E9 9:89 q=24< 2?5 w:DA2?:4 6?C@==>6?E @776C65 25G2?465 >2E96>2E:4D 4@>A2C65 E@ f`T @7 D49@@=D H:E9 =@H q=24< 2?5 w:DA2?:4 6?C@==>6?E[ E96 C6A@CE ?@E6D]k^Am

kAmpD @7 a_`h[ H9:E6 9:89 D49@@= 8C25F2E6D 4@>A=6E65 42=4F=FD 2E E9C66 E:>6D E96 C2E6 @7 q=24< 8C25F2E6D — 2?5 pD:2? 8C25F2E6D 2E >@C6 E92? D6G6? E:>6D E96 C2E6]k^Am

kAmpD 2 C6DF=E @7 E96D6 2?5 @E96C 724E@CD E:65 E@ C24:2= 5:D4C:>:?2E:@?[ q=24< DEF56?ED 7246 25565 492==6?86D :? 4@==686i %9@D6 :? E96 r2=:7@C?:2 $E2E6 &?:G6CD:EJ DJDE6>[ 7@C 6I2>A=6[ H6C6 >@C6 =:<6=J E@ DE2CE E96:C >2E9 D6BF6?46 H:E9 42=4F=FD AC6C6BF:D:E6 4@FCD6D[ C2E96C E92? H:E9 42=4F=FD]k^Am

kAm“{@?8 42=4F=FD AC6C6BF:D:E6 D6BF6?46D >2J 2=D@ 42CCJ 2 962GJ 7:?2?4:2= 3FC56? 7@C q=24< DEF56?ED[ H9@ 2C6 >@C6 =:<6=J E@ E2<6 @? DEF56?E =@2?D E92? DEF56?ED 7C@> @E96C C24:2= 2?5 6E9?:4 8C@FAD[ 2?5 >@C6 =:<6=J E@ 5672F=E @? E96:C =@2?D[” E96 C6A@CE ?@E6D]k^Am

kAm{J2 $?6==[ 2 5:C64E@C 2E E96 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]FE52?246?E6C]@C8Qms2?2 r6?E6Ck^2m 2E E96 &?:G6CD:EJ @7 %6I2D 2E pFDE:?[ 2?@E96C @7 E96 8C@FAD yFDE tBF2E:@?D 4C65:ED 7@C >2<:?8 A@D:E:G6 492?86 :? E9:D 2C62[ D2:5 E92E H96? q=24< DEF56?ED 2C6 D:56=:?65[ E96 H@C=5 7@CD2<6D >@C6 E92? :?5:G:5F2= E2=6?E]k^Am

kAm“(6 =@D6 ?6H :562D[ A6CDA64E:G6D 2?5 D@=FE:@?D E92E 4@F=5 36?67:E 6G6CJ@?6[” $?6== D2:5] “(6 =@D6 A@E6?E:2=] tG6CJ DEF56?E 56D6CG6D E96 @AA@CEF?:EJ E@ D66 E96>D6=G6D 2D 42A23=6 @7 DF44665:?8 :? E96D6 7:6=5D] x?G6DE:?8 :? 2?5 36=:6G:?8 :? q=24< =62C?6CD DEC6?8E96?D :??@G2E:@?[ 4C62E6D 2 >@C6 :?4=FD:G6 H@C<7@C46 2?5 96=AD 6?DFC6 E92E E96 7FEFC6 @7 $%t| C67=64ED E96 5:G6CD:EJ @7 E96 4@>>F?:E:6D :E D6CG6D]”k^Am

kAmq=24< DEF56?ED’ 2?5 AC@76DD:@?2=D’ :562D 92G6 492?865 :?5FDEC:6D[ :>AC@G65 962=E942C6[ D@=G65 4@>A=6I AC@3=6>D 2?5 :?DA:C65 E96 ?6IE 86?6C2E:@?[ D96 D2:5[ 4:E:?8 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^9DA9]92CG2C5]65F^AC@7:=6^<:KK>6<:2\D\4@C36EE\96=2:C6^Qmz:KK>6<:2 r@C36EE\w6=2:C6k^2m[ 2 =6256C :? E96 56G6=@A>6?E @7 r~'xs\`h G244:?6Dj k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]?2D2]8@G^46?E6CD\2?5\724:=:E:6D^=2?8=6J^<2E96C:?6\;@9?D@?\3:@8C2A9J^Qmz2E96C:?6 y@9?D@?k^2m[ H9@D6 “4@>AFE2E:@?2= 3C:==:2?46 2E }p$p =65 E@ E96 DF446DD @7 D6G6C2= 62C=J DA246 7=:89EDj” 2?5 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^A>4]?43:]?=>]?:9]8@G^2CE:4=6D^!|r``fcgbbh^Qmr92C=6D sC6Hk^2m[ 2? :?7=F6?E:2= DFC86@? H9@ A:@?66C65 >6E9@5D 7@C DE@C:?8 3=@@5 A=2D>2]k^Am

kAmq2CC:6CD E@ 9:896C >2E9 249:6G6>6?E 7@C q=24< DEF56?ED H6C6 ?@E 2=H2JD E96 42D6[ E96 yFDE tBF2E:@?D C6A@CE 7@F?5]k^Am

k7:8FC6mk:>8 DC4lQ9EEADi^^:>286D]DE24<6C]4@>^H^`ag_^:>286D^DE@C:6D^a_ae^_h^`_^%96Ta_fc\q=24<Ta_DEF56?EDUR_bhjTa_6I4=FD:@?\_`];A8Q 2=ElQp 3=24< 2?5 H9:E6 :>286 @7 J@F?8 >2=6 DEF56?ED :? 2 A9JD:4D 4=2DDC@@> 2E E96 D6A2C2E:DE r=2C< r@==686[ pE=2?E2[ v6@C8:2]Q DEJ=6lQH:5E9i `__TQ ^mk7:842AE:@?mwF=E@?\s6FED49 r@==64E:@?^r~#qx$ ^^ r@C3:D G:2 v6EEJ x>286Dk^7:842AE:@?mk^7:8FC6m

kAm“|2?J q=24< DEF56?ED 2EE6?5:?8 D68C682E65 D49@@=D 925 E96 DFAA@CE @7 q=24< 65F42E@CD H9@ 36=:6G65 :? E96:C 3C:==:2?46 2?5 23:=:EJ[” E96 C6A@CE ?@E6D] “%9:D D2>6 =6G6= @7 DFAA@CE[ 9@H6G6C[ 5:5 ?@E 6IE6?5 E@ q=24< DEF56?ED’ 65F42E:@?2= 6IA6C:6?46 27E6C E96 `hdc qC@H? G] q@2C5 @7 t5F42E:@? 42D6[ H9:49 =65 E@ D49@@= 56D68C682E:@?] u@==@H:?8 56D68C682E:@?[ 23@FE bg[___ q=24< E62496CD 2?5 25>:?:DEC2E@CD 24C@DD `f DE2E6D =@DE E96:C ;@3D]”k^Am

kAmp7E6C :?E68C2E:@?[ q=24< DEF56?ED :? 56D68C682E65 9:89 D49@@=D H6C6 @7E6? DE66C65 2H2J 7C@> p=863C2 x 2?5 :?E@ ?@?–4@==686 EC24<[ =@H6C\=6G6= 4@FCD6D[ :?4=F5:?8 86?6C2= >2E9 2?5 4@?DF>6C >2E9]k^Am

kAm“p=863C2 x E9FD 6>6C865 2D @?6 @7 E96 7:CDE >2E9 82E6<66A6CD 7@C q=24< DEF56?ED 7@==@H:?8 qC@H? G] q@2C5 @7 t5F42E:@?[” E96 C6A@CE 7@F?5]k^Am

kAmyFDE tBF2E:@?D C64@>>6?5D C656D:8?:?8 9:89 D49@@= >2E96>2E:4D E@ 5:D>2?E=6 C@253=@4<D E@ 25G2?465 4@FCD6D[ 6?5:?8 4@==686 25>:DD:@?D A@=:4:6D E92E A6CA6EF2E6 :?6BF:EJ 2?5 :?G6DE:?8 :? 4F=EFC2==J C6DA@?D:G6 :?DECF4E:@?]k^Am

kAmx? 255:E:@? E@ %96 p=863C2 !C@;64E 2?5 E96 s2?2 r6?E6C[ |4r9C:DE:2? 4:E65 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]36?;2>:?32??6<6C2DD@4:2E:@?]@C8Qm%96 q6?;2>:? q2??6<6C pDD@4:2E:@?k^2m 2D 2?@E96C @C82?:K2E:@? H@C<:?8 92C5 E@ 6?DFC6 q=24< 49:=5C6? 92G6 2446DD E@ 9:89\BF2=:EJ >2E9 :?DECF4E:@?]k^Am

kAm“xE’D 2? 2==\92?5D\@?\564< 677@CE[ 3@E9 :?D:56 E96 DJDE6> 2?5 @FED:56 E96 DJDE6>[ E@ 492?86 >2E9 65F42E:@? 2?5 @AA@CEF?:E:6D 7@C q=24< DEF56?ED[” D96 D2:5]k^Am

kAmk6>ms:D4=@DFC6i %96 v2E6D u@F?52E:@? AC@G:56D 7:?2?4:2= DFAA@CE E@ yFDE tBF2E:@?D 2?5 E@k^6>m k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]E96fc>:==:@?]@C8^23@FE^DFAA@CE6CD^Qmk6>m%96 fc]k^6>mk^2mk^Am

kAmk2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]E96fc>:==:@?]@C8^2CE:4=6^C6A@CE\3=24<\DEF56?ED\6I4=FD:@?\7C@>\9:89\BF2=:EJ\>2E9\92D\5:C6\4@?D6BF6?46D^Qmk6>m%9:D DE@CJk^6>mk^2m k6>mH2D AC@5F465 3Jk^6>m k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^HHH]E96fc>:==:@?]@C8Qmk6>m%96 fck^6>mk^2m k6>m2?5 C6G:6H65 2?5 5:DEC:3FE65 3Jk^6>m k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^9F3D]=2^"_b<=8$#_Q C6=lQ?@7@==@HQmk6>m$E24<6Ck^6>mk^2m]k^Am